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Split Thickness Skin Graft (STSG)

Split Thickness Skin Graft (STSG)

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Preoperative Considerations

Consent:

  • Infection
  • Need for re-operation

Anesthesia/Positioning:

  • Supine
  • OK for paralysis
  • Prep leg and thigh for STSG with ChloraPrep. Cover with drape until ready for harvest.
  • Separate table for STSG supplies (sterile) from head and neck supplies (dirty)

Other:

  • None

Armamentarium:

  • Shaver (shave site prior to prep w Chloraprep)
  • Flexible ruler
  • Marker
  • Scissors (to cut drape once ready for procedure)
  • Metzenbaums
  • Dermatome
  • 15 blade
  • Tongue blade
  • Mineral oil
  • Ray tech soaked in 2 ml of epinephrine
  • Laps
  • Adson tissue forceps x2
  • Wound vac
  • Tegederm
  • Mastisol
  • Adaptic
  • Skin stapler
  • Kidney basin
  • Saline w big bulb irrigation syringe
  • 3-0 chromic gut +/- 3-0 vicryl
  • Dressing: Fluffs, Kerlex, ACE
  • Possible CAM boot (comes in small, medium, large) or volar splint

Technique

Using a flexible ruler measure the recipient site. Ensure the site is hemostatic prior to placement of the STSG. A bipolar and surgical clips may be used to achieve hemostasis. A purse string suture with a 3-0 vicryl or a 3-0 chromic gut can be used to decrease the site of the surgical site prior to the measurements and harvest of the STSG.
Measure the donor site. Measure twice and cut once!
Using a marker outline the harvest site.
Measure twice. Cut once.
Using a tongue blade cover the donor site liberally with mineral oil.
Carefully select a fresh blade for the dermatome.

Place the fresh blade in the dermatome.
Based on the measurements, select the appropriate width of the dermatome plate.
Insert the appropriate dermatome plate and screw in tightly.
Set the harvest thickness. At our institution this is 0.018"

Take a 15 blade and run it between the dermatome blade a the plate to ensure no interferences exist during harvest.  
Place mineral oil between the dermatome blade and plate.
Using a lap in the non-dominant hand apply tension cephalad. With the dominant hand hold the dermatome. Start the dermatome in the air prior to applying it to the skin. Press the dermatome strongly into the skin with a stable hand. Regardless of the pressure applied the thickness will have been set prior (0.018").
While this can be done solo, it is helpful to have a second practitioner holding two Adsons to gently pick up the skn graft as it exits the dermatome during the harvest procedure.
A the end of the harvest site gently lift off the dermatome from the harvest site. Metzenbaulms or a 15 blade can be used to remove the skin graft from the harvest site.
The donor site after harvest.
Apply a ray-tech soaked in 2 ml of epinephrine to the harvest site to achieve hemostasis.
Place STSG onto the back of a moist kidney basin. The back of a 15 blade can be used to flatten the STSG against the basin as the edges have a tendency to curl. Using a 15 blade pie crust the STSG to prevent hematoma or seroma formation.
Apply the STSG to the surgical site.
Using a 3-0 chromic gut suture the corners of the STSG to the surgical site.
Using a 3-0 chromic gut secure the STSG to th surgical site.
Place tacking sutures at the site of the STSG using 3-0 chromic gut. This allows for improved imbibition, inosculation, and revascularization by creating more intimte contact with the surgical site.
Remove the epinephrine soaked ray-tech from the harvest site. Ensure that the site is hemostatic. Apply an Adaptic to the harvest site and secure it with skin staples. Apply mastisol to the surrounding skin edges followed by a tegedem.
Apply a wound vac to the site of the STSG and ensure it is holding adequate suction.

Postoperative Considerations

Immediate:

  • Ensure wound vac is holding suction prior to leaving OR
  • Ensure dressing is not too tight around leg site

Follow Up:

  • Wound vac removal typically done on POD 7. Turn off wound vac suction. Cut tube. Using saline to soften edges gently remove wound vac sponge from STSG site.
  • Re-wrap STSG with clean dressing (fluffs, keeled, ACE)
  • Remove skin staples from Adaptic site on POD 1. Trim the edges of the Adaptic daily as the donor site re-epithelializes
  • Clean edges of STSG with q-tips and 50:50 mix of peroxide and normal saline
  • Keep STSG site clean and dry. Bacitracin can be applied to site for up to 3 days after removal of wound vac followed by Aquaphor until healed

Operative Note

The patient was seen in the preoperative holding area where consents were reviewed including risks, benefits and alternatives to the proposed treatment, the H&P was updated, and all questions were invited and answered. The patient was then transferred to the OR and onto the OR table in supine position without any issues. All appropriate monitors were placed and confirmed to be working properly. IV induction of general anesthesia was then performed, followed by nasal endotracheal intubation. The tube was secured by the surgical team after confirming end tidal CO2 and bilateral breath sounds. Lacrilube was placed in the eyes and tegaderms were placed bilterally.

 

First the patient was then prepped and draped in a sterile fashion. Pre-operative antibiotics were given.  The patient was then prepped with 5% Betadyne paint and draped in standard sterile fashion. Time out was then performed with two patient identifiers and team agreed on procedure, laterality, and correct patient. The left lower extremity was prepped with Chloraprep and draped with sterile linens. The patient was then prepped and draped in the routine sterile fashion. 2g Ancef administered. Time out was then performed with two patient identifiers and team agreed on procedure, laterality, and correct patient

Next attention was tuned to the left lateral thigh for harvest of a split thickness skin graft (approximately __ x __ cm). A dermatome set to 0.018 inch thickness was used to harvest the split thickness skin graft and removed from leg with metzenbaums. Donor site covered with epinephrine soaked gauze. This was then later removed and dressed with adaptic secured w staples and tegaderm. The graft with irrigated with saline and small 3 mm incisions placed in graft to prevent post-operative hematoma or seroma formation. The graft was placed over the left lower extremity donor site and secured to skin edges with interrupted 3-0 chromic gut sutures. The skin graft site was dressed with a negative pressure wound vac device.

Coding

  • Harvest of STSG - 15120
  • Wound vac application -  97605
  • Spint application to leg or arm - 29515

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